#THE ELITE QUOTES DATABASE SERIES#

2 Sheri Berman, вЂњPopulism Is a Problem: Elite Technocrats ArenвЂ™t the SolutionвЂќ, Foreign Policy, 20 December 2017. It is often lamented that populism threatens to destroy independent and objective institutions that are essential to well-functioning democracies. Populism can also arise in contexts of profound economic failures, where economic systems do require disruptive transformation to deliver broad-based growth. By contrast, populismвЂ™s appeal is often based on real concerns about the failure of mainstream parties to address issues that citizens are worried about and the failure of institutions to deliver policy outcomes that matter to citizens. Thus, a global accounting of populists in power is by no means an accounting of bad leaders.

#THE ELITE QUOTES DATABASE SERIES#

This series begins from the understanding that populism often arises from serious and legitimate concerns about the quality of institutions and political representation in countries. To do so, we have built the first global database of populists in power. To build this understanding across a wide range of social, economic and political contexts, a global accounting is needed of when and where populists have been in power. Understanding populism-and its effects-is central to combating its appeal. This report is the beginning of a series on populists in power that seeks to build a systematic understanding of the long-term effects of populism on politics, economics and international affairs. Yet, it is a slippery concept that is too often used pejoratively to describe politics that those in the mainstream do not like. 1 Martin Eiermann, Yascha Mounk and Limor Gultchin, European Populism: Trends, Threats, and Future Prospects, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, 29 December 2017. Watershed political events in recent years-the election of President Donald Trump in the United States (US), the Brexit vote, the electoral success of ItalyвЂ™s Five Star Movement, BrazilвЂ™s sudden lurch to the right with the election of President Jair Bolsonaro, the doubling of support for populist parties across Europe-have brought the word вЂњpopulismвЂќ out of the annals of academic journals and into the headlines. Anti-establishment populism was once most prevalent, but cultural populism is now the commonest form of populism across the globe.Whereas populism was once found primarily in emerging democracies, populists are increasingly gaining power in systemically important countries.This includes countries not only in Latin America and in Eastern and Central Europe-where populism has traditionally been most prevalent-but also in Asia and in Western Europe. Between 19, the number of populists in power around the world has increased a remarkable fivefold, from four to 20.The report identifies 46 populist leaders or political parties that have held executive office across 33 countries between 1990 and today. Although all forms of populism rail against political elites, anti-establishment populism distinguishes itself by focusing on establishment elites as the primary enemy of the people and does not sow as many intra-society divisions. Anti-establishment populism paints the true people as hard-working victims of a state run by special interests and outsiders as political elites.Socio-economic populism claims that the true people are honest, hard-working members of the working class, and outsiders can include big business, capital owners and actors perceived as propping up an international capitalist system.Cultural populism tends to emphasise religious traditionalism, law and order, sovereignty, and painting migrants as enemies. Cultural populism claims that the true people are the native members of the nation-state, and outsiders can include immigrants, criminals, ethnic and religious minorities, and cosmopolitan elites.This report identifies three types of populism, distinguished by how populist leaders frame the conflict between the вЂtrue peopleвЂ™ and outsiders: Nothing should constrain the will of the true people.ДЄlthough populism always shares these two essential claims, it can take on widely varying forms across contexts.A countryвЂ™s вЂtrue peopleвЂ™ are locked into conflict with outsiders, including establishment elites.This report defines populism and identifies its global prevalence by introducing a global database вЂњPopulists in Power: 1990вЂ“2018вЂќ. Populism is dramatically shifting the global political landscape.

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